2026-01-19 10:42:PM <br/> Tags: #organization #KeyOrganizations #WorldJewry #Lobby ![[image-217.png|736x275]] # International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) - The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an international organization that functions as an enforcer of holocaust definitions, and as a global political tool for combatting antisemitism and supporting Israel. - The IHRA functions as a coalition of member countries. The presidency is held by a different member country each year. - As of 2026, the IHRA has 35 member countries, 1 liaison country, 7 observer countries and 8 partner organizations.[^1][^3][^9] *All 35 member countries are European with the exception of the U.S., Canada, Israel, and Argentina.* - Jewish and pro-Israel organizations often defer to the IHRA's definition of antisemitism for purposes of passing laws, lobbying, and labeling people or groups as 'antisemitic' or 'holocaust deniers.' - Organizations like the IHRA are used to enforce collective holocaust guilt/sanctity in predominantly white countries that are not even accused of partaking in the holocaust (United States, UK, Canada, etc.) #### Founding - The IHRA was founded in 1998 by a tripartite coalition of the United States, United Kingdom and Sweden.[^1] - Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson conceived of the idea for an international holocaust institution after a 1997 study revealed Swedish students' supposed lack of understanding of the holocaust. [^1] - Persson contacted U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair to help found the organization. - On May 7, 1998, Swedish, American, and British delegations met in Stockholm and agreed to the founding principles of the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education (ITF)—the original name of the IHRA.[^3] - In 1998, Germany and Israel joined coalition, followed by Poland, the Netherlands, and France in 1999. - Israeli holocaust historian Yehuda Bauer became the initial 'academic head' of the organization.[^1] - [[Elie Wiesel]], the most prominent holocaust activist of all time, was chosen as the organization's honorary chairman.[^1] *As stated by Norman Finkelstein: "Elie Wiesel is The Holocaust."*[^2] - In 2013, the Task Force for International cooperation on Holocaust Education (ITF) was renamed the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA). #### Organizational Structure - The IHRA's day-to-day operations are maintained by its permanent office in Berlin, Germany. *As expected.* - The IHRA's 35 member countries rotate the presidency annually.[^5] - The presidency was held by Israel from March 1, 2025-February 28, 2026.[^6] - Argentina assumed the presidency after Israel, and France will hold the presidency after Argentina.[^7] - Many IHRA member countries have established related government offices. - The United States' Special Envoy for Holocaust Issues and [[Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism]] are two State Department positions which work closely with the IHRA. - The Special Envoy for Holocaust Issues was formed in 1999 amid pressure from Clinton's Jewish Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, [[Stuart Eizenstat]]. *Eizenstat's pressure campaign occurred while he was aiding the [[World Jewish Congress]]'s fight against Swiss banks for the purpose of extracting holocaust reparations. The Swiss banks saga is covered on the WJC page.* - The IHRA has a number of committees and working groups which carry out academic and policy work:[^10] - Academic Working Group - Involved in promoting and vetting holocaust research. - Education Working Group - Creates guidelines for teaching about the holocaust in schools. - Memorials and Museums Working Group - Works to create and preserve holocaust memorials and sites. - Committee on Antisemitism and Holocaust Denial - Involved in combatting contemporary 'antisemitism' and 'holocaust denial.' - Committee on the Genocide of the Roma - Research and remembrance of believed Nazi crimes against Gypsies during WWII. - Committee on the Holocaust, Genocide, and Crimes Against Humanity - Promotes the uniqueness of the holocaust when compared with other genocides, a key facet of Jewish holocaust promotion. #### Activities and Influence - [[International Holocaust Remembrance Day]], which is held annually on January 27th, was founded in 2005 by the United Nations. - The holocaust holiday was in part the product of Article 6 of the IHRA's Stockholm Declaration (2000).[^11][^12] - In 2025, IHRA secretary general Kathrin Meyer, made the assertion that "holocaust distortion" is more dangerous than "holocaust denial."[^8] - Meyer added: "You will not find a single radical, anti-democratic, nationalistic, imperialistic group ideology that does not have a distorted view of the Holocaust." #RedPill *Nationalism exists in opposition to Jewish power and vice versa. Jews acutely understand this. This is why a "marriage of interest" between American nationalists and Jewish/pro-Israel factions will always result nationalists receiving the short end of the stick.* - The IHRA and its Working Definition of Antisemitism are widely promoted by Jewish organizations including:[^23] - [[American Jewish Committee (AJC)]] - [[ADL]] - [[B'nai B'rith]] - [[Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA)]] - [[World Jewish Congress]] - The WJC is a major partner organization of the IHRA. The WJC close associate [[Stuart Eizenstat]] was involved in launching the IHRA in the late 1990s.[^30][^31] - [[Combat Antisemitism Movement]] - [[Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS)]] - [[Women's International Zionist Organization (WIZO)]] - [[AMIT]] - [[AIPAC]] - [[American Friends of Likud]] - [[American Zionist Movement (AZM)]] - [[Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting and Analysis (CAMERA)]] - [[Hadassah]] - [[Mercaz USA]] - [[Na'amat]] - [[Rabbinical Assembly]] - [[Rabbinical Council of America (RCA)]] - [[Religious Zionists of America (Mizrachi)]] - [[Orthodox Union]] - [[Zionist Organization of America (ZOA)]] - [[Conference of Presidents]][^26] - [[Simon Wiesenthal Center]][^32] - [[Claims Conference]][^33] - These (mostly American) organizations lobby state and local governments, government agencies, councils, and committees, law enforcement, universities, businesses, and organizations to endorse the IHRA's definition of antisemitism. - #### # ProtectTheFacts - In 2021, the IHRA, UNESCO, the European Commission, and the UN partnered on a year long initiative called # ProtectTheFacts. - ProtectTheFacts aimed to clarify and sanctify the "facts" of the holocaust. - ProtectTheFacts' website claims "Europe was build on the ashes of the Shoah. Its history is defined by the legacy of the Holocaust during which six million Jewish children, women and men were murdered."[^37] #RedPill *To Jews, Europe exists to repent for the holocaust. As Jews see it, the holocaust is the natural product of European power. It "defines" Europe. If a holocaust against Jews is an unchangeable conclusion of a powerful Europe, the only option Jews have (given the ability) is to weaken and rule over those nations.* #### IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism (WDA) - The IHRA's Working Definition of Antisemitism (WDA) is the basis for its global influence.[^4] - The WDA was a based off the European Monitoring Center on Racism and Xenophobia's (EUMC) 2005 "Working Definition of Antisemitism." - The EUMC's definition was formed by a group of holocaust and antisemitism experts including Kenneth Stern from the [[American Jewish Committee (AJC)]]. - The EUMC's definition was quietly removed in 2013, which triggered an aggressive lobbying campaign by prominent Jewish organizations to find an international body willing to validate and promote the definition. - Their efforts were successful when the IHRA in 2016, under the presidency of Romania, unanimously adopted the definition.[^13][^14] >[!info] International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance Working Definition of Antisemitism[^20] >1. Calling for, aiding, or justifying the killing or harming of Jews in the name of a radical ideology or an extremist view of religion. >2. Making mendacious, dehumanizing, demonizing, or stereotypical allegations about Jews as such or the power of Jews as collective — such as, especially but not exclusively, the myth about a world Jewish conspiracy or of Jews controlling the media, economy, government or other societal institutions. *Point two demands we must not assert the existence of a network of Jewish groups and organizations that exert influence on behalf of the Jewish collective.* >3. Accusing Jews as a people of being responsible for real or imagined wrongdoing committed by a single Jewish person or group, or even for acts committed by non-Jews. >4. Denying the fact, scope, mechanisms (e.g. gas chambers) or intentionality of the genocide of the Jewish people at the hands of National Socialist Germany and its supporters and accomplices during World War II (the Holocaust). *Interpretation: you may not question any aspect of this historical event.* >5. Accusing the Jews as a people, or Israel as a state, of inventing or exaggerating the Holocaust. *Interpretation: allow Jews and Israel to weaponize the holocaust endlessly.* >6. Accusing Jewish citizens of being more loyal to Israel, or to the alleged priorities of Jews worldwide, than to the interests of their own nations. *To deny Jewish people's natural affinity to the Jewish state is absurd, yet acknowledging so will violate rule six. Why did Pollard spy for Israel? Why is it common for Jewish Americans to fight in the IDF? Why did Ron Dermer and Yechiel Leiter drop their U.S. citizenship to work for the Israeli government? The obvious and only answer is their ingrained inclination to support Israel as Jews. This is not conspiratorial, this is plainly true.* >7. Denying the Jewish people their right to self-determination, e.g., by claiming that the existence of a State of Israel is a racist endeavor. >8. Applying double standards by requiring of it a behavior not expected or demanded of any other democratic nation. >9. Using the symbols and images associated with classic antisemitism (e.g., claims of Jews killing Jesus or blood libel) to characterize Israel or Israelis. >10. Drawing comparisons of contemporary Israeli policy to that of the Nazis. >11. Holding Jews collectively responsible for actions of the state of Israel. *Interpretation: connecting the actions and interests of Israel (the Jewish state) to the actions and interests of Jews. Sidenote: 7 of the 11 points in the IHRA's definition regard Israel.* - Executive Order 13899, signed by [[Donald Trump]] in December, 2019, instructs government agencies to reference the IHRA's Working Definition of Antisemitism to enforce Title VI of the Civil Rights Act.[^15] - Jewish people were obviously already covered by Title Six of the Civil Rights Act. - Policy like EO 13899 accepts and promotes Jewish/Israeli interest in the name of protecting freedoms which were already protected. - The IHRA boasts that over 1,100 entities have endorsed their definition of antisemitism. Countries, states, businesses, NGOs, parliamentary councils, advocacy organizations, etc. are among the entities accepting the IHRA's' definition. [^17] - 46 countries, at least 37 U.S. states, and Washington, D.C. have endorsed the IHRA's definition of antisemitism.[^16][^18] - In 2020 Chelsea Football Club endorsed the IHRA's definition. Chelsea's owner at the time was Russian-Israel-Portuguese billionaire Jewish oligarch [[Roman Abramovich]].[^19] - The [[2020 Never Again Education Act]], which funded holocaust education programming at the [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM)]], referenced the IHRA as a partner of the U.S. government in "remembrance and education about the Holocaust."[^25] - In 2020, [[StopAntisemitism]] led a coalition of Jewish organizations using the IHRA's definition of antisemitism to successfully pressure Facebook into adopting more strict 'hate speech' policy. [^27] - [[StopAntisemitism]] is funded and largely guided by Israeli-American [[Adam Milstein]] and his wife. - Facebook's Jewish chief operations officer, [[Sheryl Sandberg]] personally contacted [[Adam Milstein]] assuring him that Facebook views the IHRA's working definition of antisemitism as "invaluable."[^27][^28] - In May, 2023, the Biden Administration released a National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism (NSCA). - "Pillar 1" of the NSCA, endorsed the IHRA's definition of antisemitism.[^24] ---- - The IHRA has also produced a "Working Definition of Holocaust Denial and Distortion," which has been used to form and enforce holocaust denial laws in Europe. [^34] - The IHRA defines holocaust denial as "any attempt to claim the Holocaust/Shoah did not take place." This includes "calling into doubt" any aspect of the holocaust as it is told. - Example aspects include use of gas chambers, mass shooting, starvation and torture. *If you question the details, or deviate from holocaust-orthodoxy on any of these aspects you may end up in a European jail, as many have.* - The IHRA states that "blaming Jews for exaggerating or creating the Shoah [holocaust] for political or financial gain," is tantamount to holocaust denial. *Can you recall a time Jewish people or groups invoked the holocaust for political purposes? Yes? You have committed holocaust denial.* - Along with holocaust denial, the IHRA defines "holocaust distortion." - Holocaust distortion as defined by the IHRA includes "minimizing" any "principle element" of the holocaust. - The IHRA specifically charges any "minimization of the number [six million] of victims" as holocaust distortion. #### IHRA Working With Israel - [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] and the [[Ministry of Strategic Affairs]] promote the IHRA and its definition of antisemitism, usually as a proxy to define criticism of Israel and anti-Zionism as antisemitism.[^21] - "I urge all countries to adopt this definition and to increase their efforts to combat anti-Semitism and its modern manifestation, anti-Zionism." - Benjamin Netanyahu, 2018.[^22] - In 2025, Israel assumed the presidency of the IHRA, an annually revolving position held by IHRA member countries. - Dani Dayan. the chairman of Israel's national holocaust museum and institution Yad Vashem, became IHRA chair during Israel's term.[^29] #### Funding and Donors - As an intergovernmental organization, the IHRA if primarily funded by its member countries. - Major contributing countries include the United States, Germany, Canada, the United Kingdom, Sweden, etc. - Country's contributions are generally relative to their GDP. *As usual, the United States is the financial backbone. Like the state of Israel, international Jewish organization are inextricably connected to American Jewry through, at a minimum, funding.* - The IHRA's partner organizations (UNESCO, OSCE, UN, European Commission) have also funded IHRA initiatives.[^3] - Select private foundations and philanthropists have worked with the IHRA including [[Steven Spielberg]]'s [[USC Shoah Foundation]].[^36] #### Notable Figures ![[image-219.png|581x323]] *Longtime IHRA secretary general Kathrin Meyer.[^8]* - Yehuda Bauer - Founding academic head - [[Elie Wiesel]] - Founding honorary chairman - Kathrin Meyer - IHRA secretary general from 2008-2025 - Michaela Küchler - Secretary general since 2025[^35] #### Recommended Reading - Lobbying For Zionism on Both Sides of the Atlantic - Ilan Pappe (Pages 476-478, 484, & 501 cover the IHRA) #### References [^1]: World Jewish Congress, “IHRA’s History,” _World Jewish Congress_, [https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/the-definition-of-antisemitism-history](https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/the-definition-of-antisemitism-history). [^2]: Norman Finkelstein, _The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering_, 2nd paperback ed. (London: Verso, 2003), 55. para. 1 [^3]: “International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance,” _Wikipedia_, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Holocaust_Remembrance_Alliance). [^4]: Michael Young, “Weaponizing the Antisemitism Accusation,” _Carnegie Endowment for International Peace_, June 6, 2023, [https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2023/06/weaponizing-the-antisemitism-accusation?lang=en](https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2023/06/weaponizing-the-antisemitism-accusation?lang=en). [^5]: International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, “Our Structure,” _International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance_, [https://holocaustremembrance.com/who-we-are/our-structure](https://holocaustremembrance.com/who-we-are/our-structure). [^6]: International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, “Our Structure,” _International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance_, [https://holocaustremembrance.com/who-we-are/our-structure](https://holocaustremembrance.com/who-we-are/our-structure). [^7]: Michael Starr, “France Elected to Lead International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance in 2027,” _The Jerusalem Post_, December 28, 2025, [https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-881631](https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-881631). [^8]: Larry Luxner, “Holocaust Distortion More Dangerous Than Denial, Warns Departing IHRA Chief Kathrin Meyer,” _The Jerusalem Post_, January 28, 2025, [https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-839547](https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-839547). [^9]: International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, “Member Countries,” _International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance_, [https://holocaustremembrance.com/who-we-are/member-countries](https://holocaustremembrance.com/who-we-are/member-countries). [^10]: World Jewish Congress, “IHRA’s Structure,” _World Jewish Congress_, [https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/the-definition-of-antisemitism-structure](https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/the-definition-of-antisemitism-structure). [^11]: International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, “Stockholm Declaration,” _International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance_, [https://holocaustremembrance.com/resources/stockholm-declaration](https://holocaustremembrance.com/resources/stockholm-declaration). *See Article 6.* [^12]: Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust, January 2000, [https://archive.org/stream/DeclarationOnStockholm2000/DeclarationOnStockholm2000_djvu.txt](https://archive.org/stream/DeclarationOnStockholm2000/DeclarationOnStockholm2000_djvu.txt). *See Article 6. This is an archived version of the Stockholm Declaration* [^13]: World Jewish Congress, “Working Definition of Antisemitism,” _World Jewish Congress_, [https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/working-definition-of-antisemitism](https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/working-definition-of-antisemitism). [^14]: American Jewish Committee, “AJC Praises Top German Companies for Adopting IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism,” _American Jewish Committee_, January 26, 2021, [https://www.ajc.org/news/ajc-praises-top-german-companies-for-adopting-ihra-working-definition-of-antisemitism](https://www.ajc.org/news/ajc-praises-top-german-companies-for-adopting-ihra-working-definition-of-antisemitism). [^15]: “Executive Order 13899,” _Wikipedia_, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13899](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13899). [^16]: City of New York, “Mayor Adams Signs Executive Order and Proposes Legislation to Codify into Law International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance Definition of Antisemitism,” _City of New York_, June 8, 2025, [https://www.nyc.gov/mayors-office/news/2025/06/mayor-adams-signs-executive-order-proposes-legislation-codify-law-international](https://www.nyc.gov/mayors-office/news/2025/06/mayor-adams-signs-executive-order-proposes-legislation-codify-law-international). [^17]: American Jewish Committee, “5 Common Questions About the IHRA Definition of Antisemitism, Answered,” _American Jewish Committee_, March 27, 2023, [https://www.ajc.org/news/5-common-questions-about-the-ihra-definition-of-antisemitism-answered](https://www.ajc.org/news/5-common-questions-about-the-ihra-definition-of-antisemitism-answered). [^18]: American Jewish Committee, “Adoption of the Working Definition,” _American Jewish Committee_, [https://www.ajc.org/adoption-of-the-working-definition](https://www.ajc.org/adoption-of-the-working-definition). [^19]: International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, “IHRA Secretary General Addresses Global Conference on Football’s Role in Combating Antisemitism,” _International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance_, November 11, 2021, [https://holocaustremembrance.com/news/ihra-global-footballs-antisemitism](https://holocaustremembrance.com/news/ihra-global-footballs-antisemitism). [^20]: International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, “Working Definition of Antisemitism,” _International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance_, [https://holocaustremembrance.com/resources/working-definition-antisemitism](https://holocaustremembrance.com/resources/working-definition-antisemitism). [^21]: Diaspora Alliance, _FAQs on the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) Working Definition of Antisemitism_, [https://diasporaalliance.co/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IHRA-FAQs.pdf](https://diasporaalliance.co/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IHRA-FAQs.pdf). [^22]: Government of Israel, “PM Netanyahu’s Message to the Conference on the Fight against Antisemitism and Antizionism,” _Government of Israel_, November 21, 2018, [https://www.gov.il/en/pages/pm-netanyahus-message-to-the-conference-on-the-fight-against-antisemitism-and-antizionism](https://www.gov.il/en/pages/pm-netanyahus-message-to-the-conference-on-the-fight-against-antisemitism-and-antizionism). [^23]: American Jewish Committee, “Signatories to May 17, 2023 Letter Urging Inclusion of IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism in UN Action Plan,” _American Jewish Committee_, May 17, 2023, [https://www.ajc.org/news/signatories-to-may-17-2023-letter-urging-inclusion-of-ihra-working-definition-of-antisemitism](https://www.ajc.org/news/signatories-to-may-17-2023-letter-urging-inclusion-of-ihra-working-definition-of-antisemitism). [^24]: The U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism, May 25, 2023, 13, [https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/U.S.-National-Strategy-to-Counter-Antisemitism.pdf](https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/U.S.-National-Strategy-to-Counter-Antisemitism.pdf). [^25]: H.R. 943, _Never Again Education Act_, 116th Cong. § 1(1) (2019), in _Text of H.R. 943, 116th Congress (2019-2020)_, _Congress.gov_, [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/943/text](https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/943/text). [^26]: Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, “IHRA,” _Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations_, [https://conferenceofpresidents.org/lshowcase-tags/ihra/](https://conferenceofpresidents.org/lshowcase-tags/ihra/). [^27]: Lara Friedman, “Israel-Advocacy Groups Urge Facebook to Label Criticism of Israel as Hate Speech,” _Foundation for Middle East Peace / Jewish Currents_, August 19, 2020, [https://fmep.org/resource/lara-friedman-at-jewish-currents-israel-advocacy-groups-urge-facebook-to-label-criticism-of-israel-as-hate-speech/](https://fmep.org/resource/lara-friedman-at-jewish-currents-israel-advocacy-groups-urge-facebook-to-label-criticism-of-israel-as-hate-speech/). [^28]: Sheryl Sandberg, letter to Adam Milstein, [https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EfJ6wuZU0AApKsG?format=png&name=medium](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EfJ6wuZU0AApKsG?format=png&name=medium). *This is the communication between Sheryl Sandberg and Adam Milstein as linked in [this article](https://fmep.org/resource/lara-friedman-at-jewish-currents-israel-advocacy-groups-urge-facebook-to-label-criticism-of-israel-as-hate-speech/).* [^29]: Embassy of Israel in Kenya, “Israel Assumes the Presidency of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA),” _Embassies.gov.il_, March 11, 2025, [https://embassies.gov.il/kenya/en/news/israel-assumes-presidency-international-holocaust-remembrance-alliance-032025](https://embassies.gov.il/kenya/en/news/israel-assumes-presidency-international-holocaust-remembrance-alliance-032025). [^30]: United States Department of State, _U.S. Department of State Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 2000: Sweden_, Section III, 5 September 2000, [https://www.refworld.org/reference/annualreport/usdos/2000/en/22573](https://www.refworld.org/reference/annualreport/usdos/2000/en/22573) [^31]: U.S. Department of the Treasury, “Testimony of Deputy Treasury Secretary Stuart E. Eizenstat before the House Banking Committee on Holocaust Related Issues,” September 14, 1999, [https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/ls96](https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/ls96). *Eizenstat mentions the International Task Force (IHRA original name) in his testimony.* [^32]: Mathilda Heller, “Brazil withdraws from IHRA shortly after country joins South Africa’s genocide case against Israel,” _The Jerusalem Post_, July 28, 2025, [https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-862505](https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-862505). *Mentions Simon Wiesenthal Center in relation to the IHRA.* [^33]: International Tracing Service (ITS), _Jahresbericht 2014 / Annual Report 2014_, 7, [https://arolsen-archives.org/content/uploads/its_jahresbericht_2014.pdf](https://arolsen-archives.org/content/uploads/its_jahresbericht_2014.pdf). *The Claims Conference is noted as "one of seven permanent international partners of the IHRA"* [^34]: International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, “Working Definition of Holocaust Denial and Distortion,” _International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance_, [https://holocaustremembrance.com/resources/working-definition-holocaust-denial-distortion](https://holocaustremembrance.com/resources/working-definition-holocaust-denial-distortion). [^35]: International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, “Shaping the Future of Holocaust Remembrance: Michaela Küchler’s Mission as IHRA Secretary General,” _International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance_, February 28, 2025, [https://holocaustremembrance.com/news/future-holocaust-remembrance-michaela-kuchler-ihra](https://holocaustremembrance.com/news/future-holocaust-remembrance-michaela-kuchler-ihra). [^36]: USC Shoah Foundation, “Watch Moderated Discussion with International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance Friday, June 17,” _USC Shoah Foundation_, June 14, 2016, [https://sfi.usc.edu/news/2016/06/11621-watch-moderated-discussion-international-holocaust-remembrance-alliance-friday](https://sfi.usc.edu/news/2016/06/11621-watch-moderated-discussion-international-holocaust-remembrance-alliance-friday). [^37]: Katharina von Schnurbein, “Countering Holocaust Distortion in the EU: EU Strategy and EU Funding Opportunities,” _Protect the Facts / Against Holocaust Distortion_, November 14, 2022, [https://www.againstholocaustdistortion.org/eu-strategy-funding/](https://www.againstholocaustdistortion.org/eu-strategy-funding/).